Who Was St. Bernard of Clairvaux?
St. Bernard of Clairvaux was a monumental figure in Christian history, particularly during the medieval period. Born of noble parentage in 1090, in a castle at Fontaines near Dijon in Burgundy, France, Bernard’s early life was shaped by the devout guidance of his parents. This upbringing set the foundation for a life characterized by remarkable piety and an unwavering dedication to his faith.
Early Life and Education
From a young age, Bernard was sent to a college in Chatillon, where his spirit of recollection and commitment to religious studies marked him as a noteworthy student. It was here that he began his studies in theology and Holy Scripture, setting the stage for his future contributions to the Church.
However, Bernard’s life took a poignant turn following the death of his mother. Deeply affected, he found himself wary of the snares and temptations of the world. This led him to make a life-changing decision: he resolved to embrace the monastic life fully.
The Monastic Life
In his early twenties, Bernard entered the Cistercian Order at the abbey of Citeaux. This was a relatively new and austere monastic order founded by St. Robert of Molesme. Bernard was joined by some of his family members and a group of friends who were also seeking a life of spiritual purity. Their entry into the order invigorated the community, which had been struggling.
Founding of Clairvaux
In 1115, just three years after joining the Cistercian Order, Bernard was tasked with establishing a new abbey. He founded the Abbey of Clairvaux (meaning “Valley of Light”) in the Champagne region of France, which soon became a renowned center of spiritual and intellectual life. His profound leadership attracted numerous vocations, and the abbey flourished under his guidance.
Contributions to the Church
Bernard was not only an abbot but also a Doctor of the Church, a title bestowed upon him in recognition of his theological and spiritual contributions. He was a prolific writer and his works have had lasting influence.
Some of his notable contributions include:
- Sermons on the Song of Songs: These are considered some of his most profound mystical writings.
- De Consideratione: A treatise on spiritual life written for Pope Eugenius III.
- De Laude Novae Militiae: A work praising the Knights Templar and encouraging their mission.
Bernard’s writings reflected deep devotion and a keen intellect, blending theology with mystical spirituality. He played a crucial role in combating heresies and was actively involved in the major ecclesiastical debates of his time.
St. Bernard’s Impact on the Crusades
Bernard’s influence extended beyond the monasteries to the broader Christian world. He was a key figure in promoting the Second Crusade, a military expedition aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem from Muslim control. Although the crusade ultimately failed, Bernard’s impassioned sermons and letters inspired many to take the cross.
Defender of the Faith
Bernard was equally well-known for his efforts to combat heresy. He led campaigns against the teachings of Peter Abelard, whose rationalistic approach to theology Bernard found problematic. His unwavering defense of Church doctrine earned him both respect and controversy.
Legacy and Sainthood
St. Bernard’s influence persisted long after his death in 1153. He was canonized in 1174 by Pope Alexander III, and in 1830, he was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius VIII. His feast day is celebrated on August 20th, a day to remember and honor his indelible impact on Christianity.
Pilgrimages and Celebrations
Today, countless pilgrims visit the Abbey of Clairvaux and other sites associated with St. Bernard. His life and works continue to inspire Christians worldwide, reminding them of the power of faith and dedication.
Conclusion
St. Bernard of Clairvaux remains a towering figure in Christian history, renowned for his theological brilliance, spiritual depth, and unwavering commitment to the Church. As we celebrate his feast day on August 20, let us reflect on his life and the profound legacy he left behind. His journey from the noble halls of Burgundy to the austere abbey of Clairvaux exemplifies a life devoted fully to God, offering a timeless example of piety and service.
In remembering St. Bernard, we acknowledge the lasting impact he has had on the Church and the continued inspiration his life provides to people of faith around the world.